摘要：湖田窑是汉族传统制瓷工艺中的珍品，位于今景德镇市东南湖田村。是中国宋、元两代各大制瓷规模最大，延续烧造时间最长、生产的瓷器最精美著名的古代窑场。遗址保存的遗物非常丰富，历代古窑遍地，有宋末的“马蹄窑”，明早中期的“葫芦窑”等。在该遗址上建立...
湖田窑是汉族传统制瓷工艺中的珍品，位于今景德镇市东南湖田村。是中国宋、元两代各大制瓷规模最大，延续烧造时间最长、生产的瓷器最精美著名的古代窑场。遗址保存的遗物非常丰富，历代古窑遍地，有宋末的“马蹄窑”，明早中期的“葫芦窑”等。在该遗址上建立起来的湖田古窑址陈列馆，展示了在这里出土各种窑具和瓷器。1982年，湖田古瓷窑遗址被国务院列为第二批全国重点文物保护单位。
湖田窑暖酒壶
这是一个兽首莲座暖酒执壶，是典型的影青釉，影青釉是汉族传统制瓷工艺中的珍品，是对宋代景德镇烧制的具有独特风格的瓷器的名称。由于它的釉色介于青白之间，青中带白、白中闪青，加之瓷胎极薄，所刻划的花纹迎光照之内外皆可映见，因此被称为影青釉。
“影青釉”的釉色主要分为两类：一是白中闪淡青色，厚处闪深绿色，莹润精细，晶亮透彻，前人把它称为“假玉器”，有晶莹如玉的美称。
影青瓷造型美，装饰技艺更是独步青云，特别是刻花、划花技法。娃娃纹、莲纹、水波纹等等，构图饱满，线条流畅，洋溢着浓郁的生活气息。粗线条先垂直刻一刀，再沿线斜刻一刀。这不由得让人联想到汉代玉雕之“汉八刀”工艺。匠师根据构图需要，刻痕深浅、斜线坡度、斜面宽窄等等都富于变化。每根线条都明显起顿，犹如中国书法之提、按、顿、捺。细线条则以深浅宽窄变化，表现花、叶、水波、娃娃等范围轮廓。流畅有力，有韵律美感。线条的起顿衔接，准确而自然。匠师专业而有自信，手法娴熟，正可谓“庖丁解牛”。匠师们还就地取材，创制刻、划花的专用工具，不仅大大提高了工作效率，还取得了超乎想像的艺术效果。
“莲花的寓意是吉祥。莲花的别称叫做“芙蓉”，“芙蓉”谐音“夫容”，乃是夫妻之花，象征着夫妻之间的感情和和美美。莲花的花语是：清白、坚贞纯洁、自由脱俗，可将其送给家中品德高尚的长辈。莲花的象征意义是高洁、圣洁，可将其送给老师，赞美老师的高尚品德。也可送给女性领导，赞美她高洁优雅的气质。莲花历来被佛教尊为神圣净洁之花，并且极力宣传并倡导学习莲花这种清白、圣洁的精神。
此暖酒壶，中间以热水暖酒，使得酒入口温热，是十分精美的酒器，我们的酒文化博大精深，就看着件高规格的暖酒壶，就可以考证，当时的酒文化十分的重要。
景德镇窑位于江西景德镇，创烧于五代，主要烧白瓷与青瓷。宋代该窑的制瓷技术更趋成熟，规模与产品质量有了很大的发展与提高，元明两代不断出现创新产品，成为全国的制瓷中心。青白瓷，因釉色介于青白之间，白中闪青，青中闪白，故名，是景德镇湖田窑在北宋初、中期独创的釉色品种。因青白釉的釉质中含有微量的铁质，釉色白中泛青，釉层细薄晶莹，具有温润如玉的艺术效果，成为南方青白瓷中的一枝奇葩。江西九江北宋咸平三年（1000年）纪年墓出土的青白釉钵是所知最早的青白瓷品，因其质感如青白玉，胎质细洁，釉色青莹，光照见影，故晚清以后又称之为“影青”。此件湖田窑暖酒壶品相完美，具有极高的收藏价值。
英文翻译：Hutian kiln is the treasure of the Han traditional porcelain making process, located in hutian village, southeast of Jingdezhen City. It is a famous ancient kiln with the largest scale of porcelain production, the longest continuous firing time and the most exquisite porcelain production in The Song and Yuan dynasties. The site is very rich in preserved relics, ancient kilns everywhere, there are the late Song dynasty "horseshoe kiln", the mid-morning "gourd kiln" and so on. Hutian ancient kiln site exhibition hall was built on the site, showing a variety of kiln tools and porcelain unearthed here. In 1982, hutian ancient porcelain kiln site was listed by The State Council as the second batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
Hutian kiln warm wine pot
This is a warm wine eachpot with a lotus seat, which is a typical ying qing glaze. Ying Qing glaze is a treasure in the traditional porcelain making process of the Han Nationality. It is the name of the porcelain with unique style fired in Jingdezhen in the Song Dynasty. Because its glaze color is between blue and white, with white in blue and shining green in white, and the porcelain body is very thin, the carved pattern can be reflected both inside and outside the light, so it is called shadow green glaze.
The glaze color of "shadow green glaze" is mainly divided into two categories: one is white flash light green, thick flash dark green, jade-like fine, crystal clear, predecessors called it "false jade", has the reputation of crystal jade.
Shadow celadon modeling beauty, decoration skills is unique, especially carving, scratching techniques. Baby grain, lotus grain, water ripple and so on, full composition, smooth lines, permeated with a rich breath of life. Thick line first vertical cut a knife, and then along the oblique cut a knife. This can not help but remind people of the Han Dynasty jade carving "Han eight knives" craft. Artisan division needs according to composition of a picture, mark depth, oblique slope, oblique width and so on abound change. Each line is obviously up, just like the Chinese calligraphy of lifting, pressing, stopping, na. Fine lines vary in depth and width to show the outline of flowers, leaves, waves and dolls. Smooth and powerful, rhythmic beauty. The connection of lines is accurate and natural. The artisan is professional, confident and skilled. Craftsmen also use local materials to create special tools for carving and drawing, which not only greatly improves working efficiency, but also achieves artistic effects beyond imagination.
"Lotus means good luck. Lotus is also called "furong", which sounds like "fu Rong" in Chinese. It is the flower of husband and wife, symbolizing harmony and beauty between husband and wife. The words of the lotus flower are: innocence, firmness and purity, free from vulgarity, can be given to the family of noble elders. The symbol of lotus is noble, holy, can give it to the teacher, praise the teacher"s noble character. Can also give female leadership, praise her noble and elegant temperament. Lotus has always been respected by Buddhism as a holy and clean flower, and vigorously propagandizes and advocates learning lotus this kind of innocent, holy spirit.
This warm wine pot, warm with hot water in the middle of the wine, so that the entrance of the wine is warm, is a very exquisite wine pot, our wine culture is extensive and profound, looking at a high standard of warm wine pot, you can prove that the wine culture at that time is very important.
Jingdezhen kiln is located in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province. It was fired in the five Dynasties and mainly burned white porcelain and celadon. In the Song Dynasty, the porcelain making technology of this kiln became more mature, and its scale and product quality developed and improved greatly. In the Yuan and Ming dynasties, innovative products continued to emerge and it became the center of porcelain making in China. Blue and white porcelain, named for its glaze color between blue and white, shining blue in white, shining white in green, is the original glaze variety created by Hutian kiln of Jingdezhen in the early and middle northern Song Dynasty. Because of the trace iron in the glaze, the glaze color is white and blue, and the glaze layer is thin and crystal clear. It has the artistic effect of being warm and moist like jade, making it a wonderful flower in the southern blue and white porcelain. The green-white glaze pot unearthed from the tomb of xianping in the Northern Song Dynasty in Jiujiang, Jiangxi province is the earliest known green-white porcelain. It is also called "shadow green" after the late Qing Dynasty because its texture is like green-white jade, its birthweight is fine and clean, and its glaze color is green and bright. This hutian kiln warm wine pot is perfect in appearance and has a high collection value.
